Table 2 Factors associated with food insecurity of households with at least one senior citizen
From: Food insecurity among senior citizens in high out-migration areas: evidence from Western Nepal
| Characteristics | Unadjusted | Adjusteda |
|---|---|---|
| OR (95%CI) | OR (95%CI) | |
| Age of the participants | 0.97 (0.94–1.01)* | 1.06 (0.99–1.13) |
| Migration of adult children | ||
| No | Ref | Ref |
| Yes | 0.55 (0.33–0.91)* | 0.47 (0.24–0.95)* |
| Sex | ||
| Male | Ref | – |
| Female | 1.08 (0.66–1.79) | – |
| Ethnicity | ||
| Upper caste | Ref | Ref |
| Janajati | 1.87 (1.01–3.49)* | 2.93 (1.26–6.84)* |
| Dalits | 1.39 (0.66–2.96) | 0.99 (0.37–2.61) |
| Family structure | ||
| Nuclear | Ref | – |
| Joint | 0.93 (0.55–1.57) | – |
| Extended | 0.49 (0.12–1.97) | – |
| Smoking status | ||
| No | 0.21 (0.12–0.36)* | 0.05 (0.21–0.13)* |
| Yes | Ref | Ref |
| Family’s monthly income (USD) | ||
| < 100 | 2.48 (1.43–4.30)* | 2.26 (1.08–4.76)* |
| ≥ 100 | Ref | Ref |
| Primary source of family income | ||
| Agriculture | 0.38 (0.15–0.99)* | 0.46 (0.19–1.10) |
| Business | 0.28 (0.09–0.80)* | 0.15 (0.03–0.59)* |
| Service/Pension/Allowances | 0.95 (0.50–1.79) | 0.26 (0.08–0.89)* |
| Wages-based labor | Ref | Ref |
| Own a cultivable land | ||
| No | Ref | Ref |
| Yes | 0.20 (0.093–0.436)* | 0.14 (0.05–0.40)* |
| Geriatric allowance recipient | ||
| No | Ref | Ref |
| Yes | 0.40 (0.23–0.68)* | 0.05 (0.01–0.16)* |